The city of Mantova is surrounded by water on three sides. The river Mincio is so wide here that three lakes have come into existence: the Lago Superiore, Lago di Mezzo and Lago Inferiore. When we first visited Mantova in 2019 we parked our car on the other side of…
From the Palazzo Te it was just a short walk to the church of San Sebastiano. The church was designed by the famous Renaissance architect Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472). Its construction started around 1460 and it was completed by Luca Fancelli (ca. 1430-1502) well after the death of the original…
The cathedral of Mantova is dedicated to Saint Peter the Apostle. In Italian the building is therefore known as the cattedrale di San Pietro. It is a peculiar rather than a beautiful building, a remarkable mixture of styles, combining a Romanesque bell-tower, a Gothic flank, a sixteenth-century Renaissance interior with…
People who approach Mantova from the northeast and cross the Ponte San Giorgio to get to the city will see the enormous dome of the church and co-cathedral of Sant’Andrea rise up behind the lower buildings. The Sant’Andrea is by far the largest church in the city. From a religious…
The somewhat curious circular church of San Lorenzo in Mantova is also known as the Rotonda. It is possible that the roots of the building go back to the fourth century and that the church was built over the remnants of a Roman temple (perhaps dedicated to Diana) or a…
“Mantua me genuit, Calabri rapuere, tenet nunc Parthenope; cecini pascua, rura, duces.” (“Mantua bore me, Calabria took me away again, Naples now holds me; I sang about pastures, fields, leaders”) These famous words, which according to tradition are from the epitaph of the poet Publius Vergilius Maro (70-19 BCE) and…
Het museum naast de Duomo van Cividale del Friuli is niet bepaald groot te noemen: het bestaat uit slechts vier zalen. Toch zou ik niemand willen aanraden het museum maar over te slaan. Het bezit namelijk prachtig Longobardisch beeldhouwwerk uit de achtste eeuw en schilderijen uit de zestiende eeuw van…
De Duomo van Cividale del Friuli, gewijd aan Santa Maria Assunta, is strikt genomen geen kathedraal, want Cividale heeft geen eigen bisschop meer. De omgeving van het gebouw is interessant, want ze vertelt ons het een en ander over de geschiedenis van het stadje. De Duomo kijkt uit op het…
After the celebration of his Vicennalia, Diocletianus had left for Ravenna. The emperor was now in his sixties and his health was not good. At the start of the year 304 he nevertheless became consul for the ninth time, together with Maximianus, who was now consul for the eighth time.…
Diocletianus styled himself dominus et deus, but towards the end of his reign as emperor it was crystal clear that he was not omnipotent. There was one enemy that proved to be invincible: inflation. Although the emperor tried to blame greedy and depraved individuals, the inflation had in fact been…
In the period discussed here, the Crisis of the Third Century seemed like a thing of the distant past. The Tetrarchy functioned well and the four emperors of the Roman Empire won important victories on all fronts. Rebellions were crushed, rebel leaders were eliminated, and after a few initial setbacks…
In the third century the vast Roman Empire had at least 50 million inhabitants. Since Caracalla’s Constitutio Antoniniana of 212 almost all of these possessed Roman citizenship, provided that they were freeborn. The large majority of the people lived in the country or in one of the many hundreds of…
In the year 284 the Roman Empire had two augusti, who were not on speaking terms. Of the two, Carinus was the legitimate emperor. Immediately after the death of his father Carus in the summer of 283 he had travelled to Rome to claim the purple. For about a year…
Van alle Italiaanse steden die ik in mijn leven heb bezocht is Trieste wel de minst Italiaanse. De stad was lange tijd Oostenrijks, had veel inwoners van niet-Italiaanse afkomst en behoort nog maar relatief kort tot Italië. Samen met Trento was Trieste de belangrijkste ‘buit’ die het Koninkrijk Italië aan…
Trieste stond in de Oudheid bekend als Tergeste. Het is niet helemaal duidelijk wie de oorspronkelijke inwoners waren. Misschien behoorden ze tot de Histri of de Keltische Carni, maar het is ook mogelijk dat ze Veneti waren. In elk geval lijkt de naam Tergeste (Terg-este) de Venetische hypothese te ondersteunen,…
In Trieste wordt op wegwijzers niet alleen aangegeven welke kant je op moet, maar ook hoeveel stappen je nog moet zetten voordat je bij een bezienswaardigheid bent. De bordjes zijn heel behulpzaam, maar als je bij 37 graden Celsius de heuvel moet beklimmen waarop de Duomo van de stad is…
Between the ruins of ancient Ostia we still find many beautiful mosaics. In a previous post I already discussed the mosaics in the mithraeum of Felicissimus, which are not just impressive, but also provide us with a lot of information about the mystery cult of Mithras. Ostia’s many complexes of…
Unfortunately no precise figures are available for the population of ancient Ostia. Perhaps the city had just over 20,000 inhabitants, perhaps some 50-60,000. However, we do know one thing for certain: the people of Ostia had ample opportunity to take a bath. Public baths were omnipresent in Ostia, and these…
The mystery cult of Mithras must have been very popular in Ostia. The city had at least 17 mithraea or places of worship.[1] It should, however, be noted that these mithraea were not that large: they could perhaps accommodate twenty to thirty people each. Twenty to thirty men actually, as…
In de zomer van 2017 bezochten we Aquileia, ooit een bruisende Romeinse stad met misschien wel meer dan 100.000 inwoners. De Romeinse dichter Ausonius (ca. 310-395) zette de stad in de vierde eeuw nog op de negende plaats van belangrijkste steden van het Romeinse Rijk. Die vierde eeuw was een…