The Numantine War: The Year 135 BCE
Summary The consul Quintus Calpurnius Piso pillages the territories of Pallantia, but does not attack Numantia; Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus is elected consul for the next year to end the Numantine War; A Syrian slave called Eunus leads a slave revolt on Sicily, the so-called First Servile War; Eunus…
The Numantine War: The Years 134-133 BCE
The Third Punic War: The Year 150 BCE
Summary The consul Lucius Licinius Lucullus and the praetor Servius Sulpicius Galba massacre the Lusitanians; The Numidians annihilate a Carthaginian army under Hasdrubal the Boetharch; Claiming the Carthaginian offensive was illegal under the 201 BCE treaty, the Romans begin preparing for a new war with Carthage; The Senate decides to…
The Third Punic War: The Year 149 BCE
Summary Utica surrenders to Rome; Carthage surrenders as well, and is told to give the Romans 300 hostages and obey all instructions given by the consuls; The consuls Lucius Marcius Censorinus and Manius Manilius land in Africa and order the Carthaginians to surrender all their weapons and artillery; Censorinus orders…
The Third Punic War: The Year 148 BCE
Summary Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and Marcus Claudius Marcellus die; King Masinissa of the Numidians dies; Scipio Aemilianus divides his territories among his three legitimate sons, Micipsa, Gulussa and Mastanabal; Manius Manilius leads a second expedition to Nepheris and is again unsuccessful; Himilco Phameas defects to Rome; The consul Lucius Calpurnius…
The Third Punic War: The Year 147 BCE
Summary The Roman fleet commander Lucius Hostilius Mancinus captures a part of Carthage, but has to be rescued there by Scipio Aemilianus; Scipio restores discipline in the Roman army; Scipio leads an attack against the Megara suburb and captures part of it; realising he cannot hold his conquest, he abandons…
The Third Punic War: The Year 146 BCE
Summary As proconsul, Scipio Aemilianus destroys the Carthaginian field army at Nepheris; Although Scipio offers him and his family safe conduct, Hasdrubal the Boetharch refuses to defect to the Romans; The Romans break into Carthage through the cothon or harbour; The Romans fight their way to the Byrsa or citadel;…
The Roman Catacombs of Valkenburg
The Roman baths of Coriovallum (Thermenmuseum Heerlen)
Thermenmuseum Heerlen
In de Oudheid liep er een belangrijke Romeinse weg van Boulogne-sur-Mer aan het Kanaal naar de Romeinse kolonie Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium bij Keulen in het huidige Duitsland. Of de weg in de Romeinse tijd een naam had, is niet bekend, maar tegenwoordig spreken we van de Via Belgica. Tegelijkertijd…
Museum Romeinse Katakomben
In de Plenkertstraat in het prachtige Limburgse plaatsje Valkenburg aan de Geul bevindt zich op nummer 55 een heel bijzonder museum. Museum Romeinse Katakomben heeft niet alleen een aparte naam – katakomben in plaats van het taalkundig correcte catacomben – het is ook een museum dat eigenlijk geen gelijke kent.…
The Third Macedonian War: The Year 171 BCE
Summary Rome declares war on Macedonia; start of the Third Macedonian War; A conflict regarding the recruitment of centurions is resolved through an intervention by the veteran Spurius Ligustinus; The Boeotian League is dissolved, but some former members decide to support King Perseus; Quintus Marcius Philippus is criticised by senior…
The Third Macedonian War: The Year 170 BCE
Summary Publius Licinius Crassus sacks Koroneia, for which he is severely reprimanded; Some of the Epirotes defect to Perseus; The new consul Aulus Hostilius Mancinus is almost captured en route to Thessaly; Mancinus fails to force his way into Macedonia with his army; Mancinus sends a diplomatic delegation through all…
The Third Macedonian War: The Year 169 BCE
The Third Macedonian War: The Year 168 BCE
Summary The Illyrian king Genthios defects to Perseus for 300 talents, although only 10 are actually paid; A Macedonian fleet surprises a Pergamenian transport fleet taking Galatian auxiliary horsemen to Greece; The praetor Lucius Anicius Gallus defeats and captures Genthios, ending the war in Illyria within the month; The consul…
The End of Macedonia: The Year 167 BCE
Policeman of the Mediterranean: The Years 166-160 BCE
Policeman of the Mediterranean: The Years 159-154 BCE
Summary The consul Marcus Fulvius Nobilior defeats the Ligurian Eleates and is awarded a triumph (159 BCE); Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica and Marcus Popilius Laenas are elected censors (159 BCE); The Senate twice refuses to release the 1.000 Achaean hostages (159 and 155 BCE); The Romans for the moment decide…
Lusitanian and Celtiberian Wars: The Year 153 BCE
Summary Because of the wars in Spain, the Romans decide to move the start of the consular year forward from 15 March to 1 January; The praetor Lucius Mummius defeats the Lusitanians and is awarded a triumph; The consul Quintus Fulvius Nobilior suffers several defeats against the Arevaci; The Senate…