Summary The consul Marcus Fulvius Nobilior defeats the Ligurian Eleates and is awarded a triumph (159 BCE); Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica and Marcus Popilius Laenas are elected censors (159 BCE); The Senate twice refuses to release the 1.000 Achaean hostages (159 and 155 BCE); The Romans for the moment decide…
Summary Death of the pontifex maximus and princeps senatus Marcus Aemilius Lepidus; The praetor Marcus Atilius Serranus defeats the Lusitanians and captures the city of Oxthraca; The consul Marcus Claudius Marcellus recaptures Ocilis and orders the Arevaci, Belli and Titti to send envoys to Rome to ask for peace; Marcellus…
Summary The Senate decides to continue the war against the Celtiberians, but there are serious problems with the levy of soldiers; The consuls are arrested by people’s tribunes who had been unable to obtain exemption from military service for their friends; Scipio Aemilianus volunteers to fight in Spain; Marcus Claudius…
Summary Dozens of Greek diplomatic missions visit the Senate in Rome; The Kingdom of Pontos captures Sinope on the Black Sea; The last Agiad King of Sparta, Agesipolis III, is killed by pirates while sailing to Rome; Scipio Africanus dies at his country estate in Liternum; Hannibal Barcas commits suicide…
Summary Marcus Claudius Marcellus, son of the hero of the Second Punic War, dies; A Roman colony is founded at Luna; The consul Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus defeats the Ilienses and the Balari on Sardinia; A Lex Claudia aims to force Latins that have moved to Rome to return to their…
Summary Publius Cornelius Scipio, just 26 years old, is elected proconsul and sent to Spain; The Romans disband the only legion fighting the war in Macedonia and continue the war with just the fleet and marines; The Romans capture the island of Aigina and sell it to Pergamum for thirty…
Summary The consul Marcus Valerius Laevinus and the Senate bicker about the appointment of a dictator; Quintus Fabius Maximus is nominated princeps senatus; Gaius Mamilius Atellus becomes the first plebeian curio maximus; Exhausted by the war, 12 of the 30 Latin colonies in Italy refuse to provide the Romans with…
Summary Gaius Valerius Flaccus is consecrated as flamen Dialis against his will and successfully claims a seat in the Senate; Unrest in Etruria; The consuls, Marcus Claudius Marcellus and Titus Quinctius Crispinus, are ambushed by Hannibal’s Numidian cavalry during a careless reconnaissance mission; Marcellus is killed, Crispinus dies of his…
Summary Hannibal destroys a huge Roman army at the Battle of Cannae. The consul Lucius Aemilius Paullus and many other Roman nobles are killed, as are tens of thousands of ordinary soldiers; After his victory, Hannibal decides not to march his exhausted and depleted army to Rome; A young Roman…
Summary The new consuls are Quintus Fabius Maximus and Marcus Claudius Marcellus, ‘the shield and sword of Rome’; Hannibal fails to capture Puteoli, Nola and Tarentum; The Romans recapture Casilinum and threaten Capua; Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus defeats the Carthaginian commander Hanno at the Battle of the river Calor near Beneventum;…
Summary The Romans recapture Arpi in Apulia; Hannibal fails to achieve anything significant in Italy; The proconsul Marcus Claudius Marcellus attacks Syracuse in a combined land and naval assault; With the aid of the mathematician and engineer Archimedes, the Syracusans repel the attack; The Romans keep Syracuse under siege while…
Summary Ptolemaios IV Philopator sends grain to the Romans; Introduction of the silver denarius; The former praetor Gnaeus Fulvius Flaccus is put on trial for his defeat at Herdonea and forced to go into exile; Unable to raise the siege of Capua, Hannibal decides to march on Rome; Since the…
Summary The consuls Quintus Fulvius Flaccus and Titus Manlius Torquatus subjugate the Boii, but the remainder of their campaign is unsuccessful (224 BCE); The consuls Gaius Flaminius and Publius Furius Philus win a decisive victory over the Insubres and are both awarded a triumph (223 BCE); The consul Gnaeus Cornelius…